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关于“违约金”的中英文译法小议
关于“违约金”的中英文译法小议
作者:朱志坚律师
在中英双语合同中,“违约金”常译为“liquidated damages”,因为不同语言之间存在一定的词义不对成性,所以笔者认为作为法律专业人士有必要对此词汇作一下深入研究。
一、首先我们查阅电子词典,搜索liquidated damages,得到:
liquidated damages
释义:规定的违约偿金,清偿损失额
实用场景例句:
1、The percentage of liquidated damages specified in SCC should be higher.
专用合同条款中规定的误期偿费的百分比应该高一些.
2、The contractual liquidated damages specified in the SCC shall higher than the evaluation advantage.
合同专用条款中规定的合同误期赔偿费应高于这里所述的评标优点.
3、The liquidated damages shall not exceed 7.5 per cent of the Contract Price.
罚款总额不能超过合同总价的7.5%.
4、The breaching shall pay the non - breaching party liquidated damages of the total price of this Contract.
违约方应向另一方支付本合同总金额的10%作为违约金.
二、接着,我们从中译英方式搜索“违约金”这个词汇,得到:
penalty
惩罚; 刑罚; 害处; 足球点球;
实用场景例句
1、Terminate agreement in advance, charge 80 % of the unfulfilled rental rate.
提前终止协议, 应支付相当于剩余合同期租金总额80%的违约金.
2、Therefore in recognized when penalty first must follow litigant's meaning autonomously. "
因此在认定违约金时首先应当遵循当事人的意思自治.
3、Neither should pay penalty to the other.
互不支付违约金.
4、B shall pay rent, maintenence fees and the security deposit to A as contract breaching fee.
乙方应向甲方按支付租金管理费保证金的标准向甲方支付违约金.
5、The amount of damages may not exceed the training expenses paid by the Unit.
违约金的数额不得超过用人单位提供的培训费用.
6、B deferred payment, daily subject to the payment month as a breach of the 5 %.
如果乙方延期付款, 则每日加收应付当月货款的5%作为违约金.
7、Damages should be limited to the interest of delay and fine for breach of contract.
损害赔偿金应仅限于迟延利息和违约金.
8、Real Mallorca are locked in talks with Atletico Madrid for midfielder Ariel Ibagaza.
马洛卡和马竞在关于对中场球员伊加巴萨的违约金的商谈中陷入僵局.
9、This also is the goal of article discusses the penalty and the meaning autonomous relations.
这也是本文讨论违约金与意思自治的关系之目的.
10、The breaching shall pay the non - breaching party liquidated damages of the total price of this Contract.
违约方应向另一方支付本合同总金额相当的金额作为违约金.
11、An Agent is sentenced to pay damages for his breach of commercial confidence.
违反保守商业秘密约定业务员被判赔偿违约金.
12、There are also fees if they go over their credit limit, or a payment is late.
如果超出信用额度或还款延期,这笔钱成了违约金.
三、学习《法律英语教程》(顾海根、姚俊华版),关于合同法里的违约金也表述为liquidated damages。
四、总结,通说“违约金”译为“liquidated damages”,但是,在实际行为中,根据不同的语境,可能违约金这个说法就不采取固定模式,可以根据实际情况表述为:penalty、contract breaching fee、as a breach、amount of damages(违约金的金额)、Damages.... for breach of contract、pay damages for one’s breach,fees(原本是“费用”的意思,但可以根据前后语义引申为违约金)。同时,“liquidated damages”的背景含义多表现在为了赔偿损失,以损失金额为限度赔偿对方,而“penalty”根据词的本意表现在除了赔偿损失还要加收额外赔偿的意思。
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